課程名稱:LPI L1 - 簡稱:LPI L1 Training Course |
LPI Level 1 Exam 101-500
Determine and configure hardware settings
- Enable and disable integrated peripherals.
- Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices.
- Determine hardware resources for devices.
- Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.).
- Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices.
- Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev and dbus.
Boot the system
- Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS/UEFI to boot completion.
- Understanding of SysVinit and systemd.
- Awareness of Upstart.
- Check boot events in the log files.
Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
- Set the default runlevel or boot target.
- Change between runlevels / boot targets including single user mode.
- Shutdown and reboot from the command line.
- Alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets or other major system events.
- Properly terminate processes.
- Awareness of acpid.
Design hard disk layout
- Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.
- Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.
- Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.
- Knowledge of basic features of LVM.
Install a boot manager
- Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
- Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy.
- Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.
- Interact with the boot loader.
Manage shared libraries
- Identify shared libraries.
- Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
- Load shared libraries.
Use Debian package management
- Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
- Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
- Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).
- Awareness of apt.
Use RPM and YUM package management
- Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM, YUM and Zypper.
- Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures.
- Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.
- Awareness of dnf.
Linux as a virtualization guest
- Understand the general concept of virtual machines and containers.
- Understand common elements virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block storage and networking.
- Understand unique properties of a Linux system which have to changed when a system is cloned or used as a template.
- Understand how system images are used to deploy virtual machines, cloud instances and containers.
- Understand Linux extensions which integrate Linux with a virtualization product.
- Awareness of cloud-init.
Work on the command line
- Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
- Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables.
- Use and edit command history.
- Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.
Process text streams using filters
- Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.
Perform basic file management
- Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
- Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
- Remove files and directories recursively.
- Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
- Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
- Usage of tar, cpio and dd.
Use streams, pipes and redirects
- Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
- Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
- Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
- Send output to both stdout and a file.
Create, monitor and kill processes
- Run jobs in the foreground and background.
- Signal a program to continue running after logout.
- Monitor active processes.
- Select and sort processes for display.
- Send signals to processes.
Modify process execution priorities
- Know the default priority of a job that is created.
- Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
- Change the priority of a running process.
Search text files using regular expressions
- Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
- Understand the differences between basic and extended regular expressions.
- Understand the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and anchors.
- Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
- Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text.
Basic file editing
- Navigate a document using vi.
- Understand and use vi modes.
- Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text in vi.
- Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.
- Configure the standard editor.
Create partitions and filesystems
- Manage MBR and GPT partition tables
- Use various mkfs commands to create various filesystems such as:
- ext2/ext3/ext4
- XFS
- VFAT
- exFAT
- Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.
Maintain the integrity of filesystems
- Verify the integrity of filesystems.
- Monitor free space and inodes.
- Repair simple filesystem problems.
Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
- Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
- Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
- Configure user mountable removable filesystems.
- Use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems.
- Awareness of systemd mount units.
Manage file permissions and ownership
- Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
- Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
- Know how to change the file creation mask.
- Use the group field to grant file access to group members.
Create and change hard and symbolic links
- Create links.
- Identify hard and/or soft links.
- Copying versus linking files.
- Use links to support system administration tasks.
Find system files and place files in the correct location
- Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.
- Find files and commands on a Linux system.
- Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.
LPI Level 1 Exam 102-500
Customize and use the shell environment
- Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.
- Write Bash functions for frequently used sequences of commands.
- Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.
- Set command search path with the proper directory.
Customize or write simple scripts
- Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).
- Use command substitution.
- Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.
- Execute chained commands.
- Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.
- Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.
- Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.
Install and configure X11
- Understanding of the X11 architecture.
- Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.
- Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout.
- Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers.
- Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers.
- Awareness of Wayland.
Graphical Desktops
- Awareness of major desktop environments
- Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions
Accessibility
- Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes.
- Basic knowledge of assistive technology.
Manage user and group accounts and related system files
- Add, modify and remove users and groups.
- Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
- Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.
Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs
- Manage cron and at jobs.
- Configure user access to cron and at services.
- Understand systemd timer units.
Localisation and internationalisation
- Configure locale settings and environment variables.
- Configure timezone settings and environment variables.
Maintain system time
- Set the system date and time.
- Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
- Configure the correct timezone.
- Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony.
- Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.
- Awareness of the ntpq command.
System logging
- Basic configuration of rsyslog.
- Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions.
- Query the systemd journal.
- Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority.
- Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size.
- Delete old systemd journal data.
- Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy.
- Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald.
- Configuration of logrotate.
- Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng.
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics
- Create e-mail aliases.
- Configure e-mail forwarding.
- Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration).
Manage printers and printing
- Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
- Manage user print queues.
- Troubleshoot general printing problems.
- Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.
Fundamentals of internet protocols
- Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation.
- Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses.
- Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).
- Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
- Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
- Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.
Persistent network configuration
- Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration.
- Configure ethernet and wi-fi network configuration using NetworkManager.
- Awareness of systemd-networkd.
Basic network troubleshooting
- Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2.
- Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2.
- Debug problems associated with the network configuration.
- Awareness of legacy net-tools commands.
Configure client side DNS
- Query remote DNS servers.
- Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.
- Modify the order in which name resolution is done.
- Debug errors related to name resolution.
- Awareness of systemd-resolved.
Perform security administration tasks
- Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
- Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
- Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
- Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
- Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.
- Basic sudo configuration and usage.
Setup host security
- Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
- Turn off network services not in use.
- Understand the role of TCP wrappers.
Securing data with encryption
- Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
- Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.
- Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.
- Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files.
- Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).
The course content above may change at any time without notice in order to better reflect the content of the examinations.
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